解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The origin and maintenance of sex remains one of the most debated topics in evolutionary biology. Investigations of the molecular genetic consequences of asexuality, such as direct estimation of mutation and recombination rates in asexual lineages, are critical for explaining the prevalence of sex in nature. In this s...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq199
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum response factor (SRF) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) represent two types of members of the MCM1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS, and SRF (MADS)-box transcription factor family present in animals and fungi. Each type has distinct biological functions, which are reflected by the distinct specificities of the proteins bo...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq214
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies on human mitochondrial genomes showed that the ratio of intra-specific diversities at nonsynonymous-to-synonymous positions was two to ten times higher than the ratio of interspecific divergences at these positions, suggesting an excess of slightly deleterious nonsynonymous polymorphisms. However, suc...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq287
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotypic signature of spatially varying selection is ubiquitous across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Spatially structured adaptive phenotypic differences are also commonly found, particularly along New World and Australian latitudinal gradients. However, investigation of gene expression variation in one or ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq197
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant genus Lycium (Solanaceae) originated in the Americas and includes approximately 85 species that are distributed worldwide. The vast majority of Old World species occur in southern Africa and eastern Asia. In this study, we examine biogeographic relationships among Old World species using a phylogenetic appro...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq253
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geraniaceae plastid genomes (plastomes) have experienced a remarkable number of genomic changes. The plastomes of Erodium texanum, Geranium palmatum, and Monsonia speciosa were sequenced and compared with other rosids and the previously published Pelargonium hortorum plastome. Geraniaceae plastomes were found to be hi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq229
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that knocking out a gene in an organism often causes no phenotypic effect. One possible explanation is the existence of duplicate genes; that is, the effect of knocking out a gene is compensated by a duplicate copy. Another explanation is the existence of alternative pathways. In terms of metabolic pr...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq204
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acquisition of photosynthesis by eukaryotic cells through enslavement of a cyanobacterium represents one of the most remarkable turning points in the history of life on Earth. In addition to endosymbiotic gene transfer, the acquisition of a protein import apparatus and the coordination of gene expression between h...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq158
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical work focused on microsatellite variation has produced a number of important results, including the expected distribution of repeat sizes and the expected squared difference in repeat size between two randomly selected samples. However, closed-form expressions for the sampling distribution and frequency spe...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq164
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sponges (Porifera) are among the simplest living and the earliest branching metazoans. They hold a pivotal role for studying genome evolution of the entire metazoan branch, both as an outgroup to Eumetazoa and as the closest branching phylum to the common ancestor of all multicellular animals (Urmetazoa). In order to ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq174
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic evolution may occur either through alterations to the structure of protein-coding genes or their expression. Evidence for which of these two mechanisms more commonly contribute to the evolution of a phenotype can be garnered from examples of parallel and convergent evolution. The visual system of East Afric...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq171
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genes encoding DNA replication proteins have been frequently exchanged between cells and mobile elements, such as viruses or plasmids. This raises potential problems to reconstruct their history. Here, we combine phylogenetic and genomic context analyses to study the evolution of the replicative minichromosome mainten...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq161
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human Y chromosome consists of ampliconic genes, which are located in palindromes and undergo frequent gene conversion, and single-copy genes including the primary sex-determining locus, SRY. Here, we demonstrate that SRY is duplicated in a large palindrome in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Furthermo...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq139
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate divergence of immune regulation among Drosophila species, we have engaged in a study of innate immune function in F1 hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. If pathways have diverged between the species such that incompatibilities have arisen between interacting components of the im...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq146
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The noncoding-DNA content of organelle and nuclear genomes can vary immensely. Both adaptive and nonadaptive explanations for this variation have been proposed. This study addresses a nonadaptive explanation called the mutational-hazard hypothesis and applies it to the mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear genomes of th...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq110
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the relic of the ancient Champa Kingdom, the Cham people represent the major Austronesian speakers in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and their origin is evidently associated with the Austronesian diffusion in MSEA. Hitherto, hypotheses stemming mainly from linguistic and cultural viewpoints on the origin of the Cha...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq131
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frequent positive selection is a hallmark of genes involved in the adaptive immune system of vertebrates, but the incidence of positive selection for genes underlying innate immunity in vertebrates has not been well studied. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system represent the first line of defense...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq104
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA supercoiling is the master function that interconnects chromosome structure and global gene transcription. This function has recently been shown to be under strong selection in Escherichia coli. During the evolution of 12 initially identical populations propagated in a defined environment for 20,000 generations, p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq099
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most frequent measure of phylogenetic uncertainty for splits is bootstrap support. Although large bootstrap support intuitively suggests that a split in a tree is well supported, it has not been clear how large bootstrap support needs to be to conclude that there is significant evidence that a hypothesized split i...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq048
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsporidia are a diverse group of highly derived fungal relatives that are intracellular parasites of many animals. Both transcription and introns have been shown to be unusual in microsporidia: The complete genome of the human parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi has only a few very short introns, and two distantly r...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq050
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex-biased gene expression is becoming an increasingly important way to study sexual selection at the molecular genetic level. However, little is known about the timing, persistence, and continuity of gene expression required in the creation of distinct male and female phenotypes, and even less about how sex-specific ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq042
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the influence of three-dimensional protein structure on sequence evolution is a difficult task, mainly because of the assumption of independence between sites required by probabilistic phylogenetic methods. Recently, models that include an explicit treatment of protein structure and site interdependencies ha...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq047
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of highly influential publications, Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues used principal component (PC) analysis to produce maps depicting how human genetic diversity varies across geographic space. Within Europe, the first axis of variation (PC1) was interpreted as evidence for the demic diffusion model of agricu...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq010
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of selection, both positive and negative, acting on a DNA sequence or class of nucleotide sites requires comparison with a reference sequence that is unaffected by selection. In Drosophila, recent findings of widespread selective constraint, as well as adaptive evolution, in both coding and noncoding reg...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq046
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity and robustness of signaling pathways partly rely on genetic redundancy, although the precise mechanism that provides functional specificity to the different redundant elements in a given process is often unknown. In Arabidopsis, functional redundancy in gibberellin signaling has been largely attributed to t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq012
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A central problem in evolutionary theory concerns the mechanisms by which adaptations requiring multiple mutations emerge in natural populations. We develop a series of expressions that clarify the scaling of the time to establishment of complex adaptations with population size, mutation rate, magnitude of the selecti...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq020
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of subunits of RNA polymerases (RNAPs) increases during evolution from 5 in eubacteria to 12 in archaea. In eukaryotes, which have at least three RNAPs, the number of subunits has expanded from 12 in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to 14 in RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) and to 17 in RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). It w...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp316
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We carried out an in silico analysis of the complete genome sequences of 14 species, including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, to investigate the proportion of amplified fragment length polymorphism bands that are homoplasious for the different species, as well as the distribution of fragment lengths. We investi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major crop, grown worldwide and in a wide range of climatic conditions. Despite its importance as a crop species, little is known about the population genetics of barley and the effects of bottlenecks, adaptation, and gene flow on genetic diversity within and between landrace populations....
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp308
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proportion of functional sequence in the human genome is currently a subject of debate. The most widely accepted figure is that approximately 5% is under purifying selection. In Drosophila, estimates are an order of magnitude higher, though this corresponds to a similar quantity of sequence. These estimates depend...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp299
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over time, natural selection molds every gene into a unique mosaic of sites evolving rapidly or resisting change-an "evolutionary fingerprint" of the gene. Aspects of this evolutionary fingerprint, such as the site-specific ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS), are commonly used to identify ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp260
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity to biomineralize is closely linked to the rapid expansion of animal life during the early Cambrian, with many skeletonized phyla first appearing in the fossil record at this time. The appearance of disparate molluscan forms during this period leaves open the possibility that shells evolved independently a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp278
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ParaHox and Hox gene clusters control aspects of animal anterior-posterior development and are related as paralogous evolutionary sisters. Despite this relationship, it is not clear if the clusters operate in similar ways, with similar constraints. To compare clusters, we examined the transposable-element (TE) con...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp235
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amastin is a transmembrane glycoprotein found on the cell surfaces of trypanosomatid parasites. Encoded by a large, diverse gene family, amastin was initially described from the intracellular, amastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani. Genome sequences have subsequently shown that the amastin reper...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp214
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copy number variants (CNVs) within humans can have both adaptive and deleterious effects. Because of their phenotypic significance, researchers have attempted to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with CNVs to use in genomewide association studies. However, studies have fou...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp210
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method to establish chronologies of ancient ribosomal evolution. The method uses structure-based and sequence-based comparison of the large subunits (LSUs) of Haloarcula marismortui and Thermus thermophilus. These are the highest resolution ribosome structures available and represent disparate regions of...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp163
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole genome duplications (WGDs) have been hypothesized to be responsible for major transitions in evolution. However, the effects of WGD and subsequent gene loss on cellular behavior and metabolism are still poorly understood. Here we develop a genome scale evolutionary model to study the dynamics of gene loss and me...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp160
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 is caused by ATTCT repeat expansion in the ATXN10 gene in humans. We studied the evolutionary history of the human genome to determine the time and mechanism of the acquisition of unstable ATTCT repeats in the genome. We found that long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) was inserted into A...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp172
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the origin and structural features of a mammalian gene, CGIN1 (Cousin of GIN1). CGIN1 proteins contain an NYN domain, retroviral RNase H and integrase domains, and a domain of unknown function (CGIN1 domain) that is also present in two other genes (N4BP1 and KIAA0323). We suggest that CGIN1 derive...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp127
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microarray platforms are used increasingly to make comparative inferences through genome-wide surveys of gene expression. Although recent studies focus on describing the evidence for natural selection using estimates of the within- and between-taxa mutational variances, these methods do not explicitly or flexibly acco...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp149
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00